Definition:
Relationships / properties:
When present, the clypeo-epipharyngeal muscle is attached to the clypeus. When present, the clypeo-epipharyngeal muscle is attached to the cuticle. When present, the clypeo-epipharyngeal muscle is attached to the epipharyngeal wall.
clypeo-epipharyngeal muscle by Vilhelmsen, L. 2010. Curator..
retractor of the epipharynx by Vilhelmsen, L. 1996. The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zoologica Scripta 25:143-170.
retractor of the epipharynx by Vilhelmsen, L. 2010. Curator..
dorsal cibarial dilatator muscle by Vilhelmsen, L. 2010. Curator..
dorsal cibarial dilatator muscle by Vilhelmsen, L. 1996. The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zoologica Scripta 25:143-170.
retractor, or levator, of the epipharynx by Snodgrass, R. E. 1942. The skeleto-muscular mechanisms of the honey bee. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103:1-120.
musculus clypeo-epipharyngealis by Youssef, N. 1971. Topography of the cephalic musculature and nervous system of the honey bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 99:1-54.
alternative definition added about 14 years ago by Istvan Miko
Group of fibers arising on distal part of clypeus, diverging to insertions within the epipharynx. (Levator veli palatini Wolff.)
Reference: Snodgrass, R. E. 1942. The skeleto-muscular mechanisms of the honey bee. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 103:1-120.
Cross reference:
None provided.
alternative definition added over 14 years ago by Istvan Miko
The epipharynx usually has a muscle inserted on its proximal margin which is the retractor of the epipharynx. This muscle is probably derived from one of the cibarial dilatators.
Reference: Vilhelmsen, L. 1996. The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zoologica Scripta 25:143-170.
Cross reference:
None provided.
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